While Skeptoid podcasts are almost always interesting, the episode on speed reading was particularly informative. Prior to listening to this I wasn’t even aware of the uncertainty surrounding speed reading as a practice.

Kim Peek, otherwise known as “Rain Man”, was able to read 10,000 words per minute (wpm) – reading and comprehending two pages at a time, one with each eye. It’s explained that Kim Peek’s hardware arrangement is not quite standard as he was born without a corpus callosum (part of the brain connecting the left and right hemisphere). This difference in his brain may actually increase parallelisation.

For people with standard hardware, reading rates are comparitively modest. Researcher Ronald Carver has done significant research into speed reading and conducted a study comparing the competing foces in speed reading: reading rate and comprehention. Subjects in the study included chamption speed readers and other fast readers. Carver’s results concluded that none of the subjects could read faster than 600wpm with more than 75% retention.

A common teqnique used when teaching speed reading is the elimination of sub-vocalisation (reading aloud in your head), as this is considered a primary bottleneck in reading performance. While this makes sense, it’s known that reading without subvocalisation is impossible to avoid – fastest speed readers do it, even skimmers subvocalise keywords. Subvocalisation manifests as slight movements in the tongue and throat muscles. In fact, NASA has a device that can interpret human silent reading, because it always involves subvocalisation.

There are more interesting tidbits in the podcast itself, I highly recommend it. Listen below:

Audio:

Download:

http://skeptoid.com/audio/skeptoid-4229.mp3

For the source, references and further reading visit the article on Skeptoid.

Key Points:

• 80% of electricity bills
  is not for electricity
• 75% of energy is wasted
  before leaving power plants
• Centralised power plants
  waste large amounts of water
• Energy can by supplied
  25% of current cost
• Decentralised energy is
  more economically efficient

Do you ever consider what components of your power bill add up to the rate that you’re paying? According to innovative British engineer Allan Jones, about 20% of the rate accounts for actual electricity. The majority of the rate is to pay for distribution, power loss and government grid fees. Jones recognised these financial and fuel inefficiencies and proposed a solution, local decentralised power, that managed to save a council 80% in energy costs and is now being implemented in London.

Jones planted the seed of decentralised power in 1990, when was a senior officer in council for the borough of Woking and submitted a report on global warming – long before it became an epidemic. The council moved very quickly and set up a revolving fund for the environment. The phenomenon started from there.

The primary cause of climate change is centralised energy. Centralised energy is energy generated by big power stations and delivered over long distances to many locations. Most centralised power plants use Coal as the fuel, which is about five times more polluting than gas. Most centralised power plants also waste two thirds of their energy as unused heat, in fact they waste large amounts of water to dissipate this heat. Considering a significant portion of consumer energy is spent on heating, the wasted heat seems rather unfortunate.

With such serious inefficiencies Allan Jones and the council of Woking recognised the opportunity to revolutionalise energy supply, the revolution of decentralised energy. Decentralised energy is a much more efficient of distribution electrical and heat energy through municipalities.

Decentralised energy is generated locally, that is, a small power plant is located close to or within the town or city it supplies. Both the electricity and heat are distributed – this is called ‘combined energy’. This way most of the energy is used, rather than most of it being wasted through heat dissipation. Much less electrical energy is lost through transmission because the distances are so short. Additionally, the heat that is usually wasted can be used to power heating inside buildings, hot water systems, and even refrigeration and cooling through a technology called ‘heat fired cooling’ – operations that usually require energy.

New infrastructure was required in order to generate and then deliver the electricity and heat, requiring a hefty amount of capital. However, the economic advantage of decentralised power made this easily feasible for Jones. £250 thousand was provided by the council Woking, a town with a population of 100,000. Jones had one condition, “Providing you allow me to recycle the financial savings from the energy bills, I won’t need any more money from you…”. Jones didn’t need any more money for the implementation.

The council of Woking saved about 1.2 billion a year on energy costs after the implementation of decentralised power while profiting from the joint venture energy services company established by Jones. Economically and environmentally Woking has done very well out of decentralised energy.

Jones believes that big energy companies can either interpret the current energy climate as a threat or as an opportunity. They can be large dinosaurs, refuse to change and become extinct or they can adapt by tackling climate change head-on. Centralised energy must be changed, Jones believes, since it is responsible for around 75% of emissions for some large cities.

Source: Allan Jones: getting off the grid – ABC Radio National’s “Saturday Extra”, 26 July 2008

The points that I found most interesting were…

• When starting a business think “what can I give” rather than “what can I take”
• Apparently many highly successful entrepreneurs have a highly active sex drive
• Be open to and accept as many opportunities as possible (networking)
• Focus on ‘where your heart lies’ and projects related to that
• Sociality is becoming more and more business-centric.

Listen now: